Patriotism In The Poetry Of The Great War English Literature Essay

Patriotic ideals and attitudes towards the Great War changed dramatically when soldiers began returning place ; the barbarous world sing warfare became evident to civilians. Soldiers excessively began to oppugn their forfeits for their state, since 1000s of deceases were ensuing and there was a sense of lost intent. Furthermore, many work forces suffered from shell daze, whilst those who had died were non seen as baronial, since nil good was achieved or resolved after the war. Prior to soldiers returning place, civilians were incognizant of how barbarous the war truly was, still go oning to utilize old loyal mottos which romanticised warfare. Therefore, war poets who had fought on the forepart saw it as their responsibility to show the harsh worlds, which finally affected their imaginativenesss and poetic technique, go forthing them traumatised and everlastingly unable to bury. Siegfried Sassoon ‘s ‘Glory of Women ‘ articulates how propaganda enforced a ‘glorious ‘ portraiture of enlisting to the war. Sassoon illustrates the misrepresentation adult females faced sing the romantic impressions of war juxtaposed to its rough world. Work force were killed for no intent, since the original cause of the war had been lost, whilst adult females held the naif belief that work forces were nobly prosecuting heroic ideals. Sassoon argued that the intent of war was lost, which is partially why the loyal ideal dispersed ; forfeit was non dignified, since the combat was go oning and nil was altering. Sassoon stated, ‘This war, upon which I entered as a war of defense mechanism and release, has now become a war of aggression and conquering ‘[ 1 ], and he saw the war as being prolonged unnecessarily. ‘Glory of Women ‘ adopts a alone signifier since Sassoon amalgamates both the English and Italian sonnet ; the construction itself is hence dry, since the underlying tone is one of resentment and ill will towards civilians. Sassoon emphasises that the loyal ideal and romanticised impression of war is a prevarication entirely enforced by propaganda. The conventional abab rime strategy, synonymous with a typical English sonnet, runs through the two quatrains, which finally express the adult females ‘s esteem for heroic soldiers and their captivation with war, ‘You love us when we ‘re heroes ‘[ 2 ]and ‘You listen with delectation ‘ ( line 5 ) . However, undertones of acrimonious sarcasm pervade the octave, conveying Sassoon ‘s antipathy towards the misrepresentation enforced upon civilians, ‘You believe/That gallantry redeems the war ‘s shame ‘ ( line 4 ) . The ‘You ‘ is turn toing adult females at place , and its changeless repeat segregates the soldiers from society and represents its nescient deficiency of consciousness towards the world of warfare. Furthermore, the to a great extent dry linguistic communication used throughout the octave, such as ‘Worship ‘ , ‘Love ‘ and ‘Laurelled ‘ ( lines 3,1 & A ; 8 ) is mocked by the on-going unenrgetic beat of the verse form, ‘And mourn our laureled memories when we ‘re killed ‘ ( line 8 ) , which alongside the iambic pentameter, highlights the lip service of nationalism. Therefore, the beat and signifier are constructed intentionally in a tight and conventional construction to reflect the unreal composing of prevarications which the populace were led to believe, sing the war as dignifying and heroic. Sassoon farther attacks the ‘Delight ‘ and ‘Thrill ‘ ( lines 5 & A ; 6 ) which civilians felt when told the ‘Tales of soil and danger ‘ ( line 6 ) ; the initial rhyme makes these ‘tales ‘ seem exciting, proposing a fairy tale, which distances the civilians from the black world of the soldiers despairing state of affairs. Furthermore, ‘You crown our distant ardor ‘ and ‘You worship ornaments ‘ ( lines 7 & A ; 3 ) suggests knighthood and courage, and the octave besides indicates canonized artificiality ; the ‘Decorations ‘ , ‘Shells ‘ , ‘Crown ‘ , ‘Laurel [ led ] ‘ ( lines 3,5,7 & A ; 8 ) are false and mercenary, symbolizing the deceit of war to civilians. The six, conversely, moves from the contrived portraiture of war, to its cruel world, following a Petrarchan cdecde rime strategy, which heightens Sassoon ‘s intensified acrimonious tone. The octave therefore insinuates Sassoon ‘s choler, but the Volta, ‘You ca n't believe that British military personnels ‘retire † ( line 9 ) obviously expresses Sassoon ‘s bitterness for the populace ‘s incredulous attitude towards resigned soldiers and their ‘lack of nationalism ‘ . The old ‘Worship ‘ ( line 3 ) of the mercenary gear is juxtaposed to the blunt world of the work forces who ‘Run ‘ ( line 10 ) with fright which finally ‘Breaks them ‘ ( line 10 ) , bespeaking that these work forces will either be broken through shell daze or decease ; there is no flight from injury. The image stoping the verse form, ‘His face is trodden deeper in the clay ‘ ( line 14 ) farther conveys this thought that traumatic memories will ne'er be forgotten. The soldier will be trodden ‘Deeper ‘ ( line 14 ) as clip base on ballss ; bespeaking how he will everlastingly be imprinted on the land, yet there is besides a affecting tone proposing that he has been left and forgotten about, which dispels all semblances sing war as a baronial chase. Sassoon intentionally replaces the conventional rhyming pair featured in the English sonnet by grouping three lines together to exemplify his concluding message, ‘O German female parent dreaming by the fire ‘ ( line 12 ) , indenting the ‘O ‘ to pull attending to these concluding ideas. Sassoon is exemplifying how he has torn down the hatred barrier between the two states and treated them as one ; indenting the border separates the German female parent from the English civilians he is mentioning to in the verse form, yet his message conveys that the German female parent would be merely as devastated by her boy ‘s decease as an English female parent would. Similarly, both states are pressurised by untruthful propaganda, and false thoughts of nationalism. Sassoon therefore saw all worlds every bit, which contradicts the impression of war in itself. Wilfred Owen ‘s, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est ‘ , likewise conveys the morbid worlds of war, juxtaposing civilians ‘ loyal ideals. Owen vividly depicts a soldier deceasing from a gas onslaught, underscoring how forfeit was non glamourous and epic as propaganda conveyed it to be, but alternatively, it was unpointed and barbarous. Nerve gas causes the person to experience a drowning esthesis, and Owen therefore makes changeless mentions to H2O associated with this deceasing adult male, ‘Sea ‘ , ‘Drowning ‘ , ‘Gargling ‘ and ‘Guttering ‘[ 3 ]. These sounds are brooding of the adult male ‘Choking ‘ ( line 16 ) , and as we read the verse form aloud, we can literally hear him deceasing. Furthermore, these verbs are distinguished from the other work forces ‘Flound'ring, ‘Fumbling ‘ , ‘Stumbling ‘ ( lines 12,9 & A ; 11 ) which are all actions performed on land. The deceasing adult male in the ‘Green sea ‘ ( line 14 ) is therefore to the full detached from his fellow soldiers in his death minutes, and the affecting statement from the talker, ‘He plunges at me ‘ ( line 16 ) , farther conveys the deceasing adult male ‘s despairing effort to make out. However, he is stray and entirely ; decease and forfeit are hence non honorable qualities or loyal, but lonely and terrorizing. Owen challenges the conventional poetic signifier, which signifies the dislocation of society ‘s rules and its constituted system. Initially, the verse form looks as though it is written in iambic pentameter, but Owen breaks up the iambic beat with punctuation, ‘But limped on, blood-shod. All went square ; all blind ‘ ( line 6 ) , delegating the verse form with a colloquial tone. However, this confused beat is effectual, since Owen did non desire his verse form to flux swimmingly ; it is intentionally full of ‘Stumbling ‘ and ‘Fatigue ‘ ( lines 11 & A ; 7 ) , symbolizing a realistic tone of devastation and conveyance that nationalism, and the romanticised image of war, no longer existed. The soldiers in the verse form are portrayed pitifully, urgently seeking to persist ; this impression is highlighted through the actions of the work forces who are ‘Bent dual ‘ , ‘Marched asleep ‘ , ‘Trudge ‘ and ‘Limped on ‘ ( lines 1,5,4 & A ; 6 ) , and the slow beat adds to their sulky motion. The gait of the beat so quickly speeds up in the undermentioned stanza, when person shouts, ‘Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! – An rapture of groping ‘ ( line 9 ) . Two forces are hence working against each other, since the words ‘Fumbling ‘ and ‘Clumsy ‘ ( lines 9 & A ; 10 ) suggest the work forces are still trapped in this slow motion, but the usage of exclaiming Markss and the capitalization of ‘Gas! ‘ implies a sense of urgency and force per unit area. Therefore, the work forces are non portrayed as ‘racing ‘ for their gas masks, foregrounding a feeling of at hand licking and futility , and their apathetic nature towards seting their masks on reveals the atrociousnesss of warfare. The usage of similes in the verse form are highly effectual ; at the beginning of the verse form, the soldiers are compared to old cripples ‘Bent double, like old mendicants under pokes, / Knock-kneed, coughing like beldams ‘ ( lines 1-2 ) . The work forces ironically juxtapose the fine-looking image of a soldier enforced by propaganda. Furthermore, these gap lines are compared to the stoping of the verse form which portrays ‘Innocent linguas ‘ and ‘Children ‘ ( lines 24 & A ; 26 ) , which serve as a reminder that these work forces are non aged and crippled, but vernal, and there is nil glorious about the decease of kids. Owen is angry with the deceit of warfare to boys whose lives have merely merely begun and are necessarily being wasted for nil. A farther simile which Owen uses to convey his choler towards the impression of nationalism is, ‘His hanging face, like a Satan ‘s sick of wickedness ‘ ( line 20 ) . This image suggests that if the Satan is ill of wickedness, which is the chief feature he is associated with, he is efficaciously oppugning his values and manner of life. The ‘hanging face ‘ farther reflects his letdown with his realization that his being has been for no intent. Owen is therefore connoting that likewise, the deceasing soldier is oppugning nationalism and ‘glory ‘ in deceasing, gaining his decease will hold no positive result, and his life has been wasted unnecessarily. Furthermore, Owen could be seen as comparing the prevarications of nationalism and war with wickedness itself. To reason, Sassoon and Owen provided civilians with the true word picture of warfare because the publicity of deceasing for one ‘s state was unfair, since 1000s of work forces were giving their lives for a lost cause. There was a necessity hence to kill the exploited image of nationalism created by propaganda, and expose the ruthless world of giving oneself to warfare.

Original Writing: How Grave Am I

How grave I am, for sprouting the seed of my loins, little knowing the ill fate that you would ultimately suffer, my son. If I was able to gather my thoughts and brag to how life was golden, I wouldn't be able to, as your life ended as soon as it started in a way, as you were not even given the opportunity to live it; now you leave me with a loneliness feeling like a long descent into nothingness – I am empty. No justice, no peace, the pain and suffering have forcibly left me unable to eat or sleep; as with each passing moment I cannot stop thinking about you and missing you. The attempts to block out this ache have been in vain because of the fact that I cannot and will not stop thinking about you and that day. Let's face it; my own guilt has been the driving force behind my state now. My ignorance was your downfall and I blame myself; now you are up there with your head in the clouds looking over me, a broken man. You're looking over me and seeing that the one father you used to look up to has been influenced into an all but complete state of insanity since I am now finding myself sitting in a room as dark as where this nightmare lives within me. Stuck in between a rock and a hard place, is what I am, this has given me the feeling that death is a necessity and a journey should not last forever. However, death can be an end; a time to let go. The latter of which is easier said than done, as whenever I see your pictures on the wall, it's drowned out into the weeping walls. Your eyes in these photos have been gone to be filled with hope and innocence into vicious oceans of darkness and sorrow. Your death has broken my heart and the border between my guilt and regret, but one thing that that the passing of you cannot break is the memories of all those happy times we had together and the bond we have. From this, I'm left thinking to myself, why did it not happen to me? I remember him at the tender age of six, his smile and eyes aglow, he was the light from the sun. What I wouldn't give to have you in my arms again, I reminisce over when you were younger, the days where I watched you sleep to see your chest fall and rise and how I always used to feel your heart beat underneath my touch as you slept, to hear the harmony that would also send me gently to slumber; the rhythm was magnetizing. At this age you were so very innocent, hadn't a clue about the world around you. I recall the days where I could hear you playing outside and your childlike giggling would make my heart melt like the steel at a blacksmiths. And after a hard day, seeing your face and the smile you softly used to fill the silence like a speech made my day a whole lot better. But as they do, his heart grew cold as if it were the cold breath of his grave. With age comes detachment, by the time he was in his teens we were two separated souls; it was like the end of infinity. It was as if the chapter of all our memories and brilliant times together had been finished and disposed of as if it were a book that was slashed and torn like a broken saw. But, I had to respect that an unwritten chapter had began for him, until that fateful day. All I could imagine what had happened was that the memories of his smile and his face filled with bliss had reverted into a shadowy face, which showed his emotions in a whirlwind of his worst nightmares. I'm left to dwell over, why did it not happen to me? I got introduced to heartbreak on that day. I was so proud of him, when he was alive he had the heart of a lion, however I suspect on that day, he had that heart trod on and spat out by his own fear. I blame myself. If it hadn't been for my own ignorance and plain stupidity, he would still be here right now. If I had not argued with him that morning, then it may not have happened. Over an insignificant argument, he went to college that day and didn't want to come back home, and paid for it, as did I. It is so unjust; it reminds us, of just how worthless our lives are to the justice system. When will scum like this get off the streets? Getting caught up in someone else's business is the worst way to die – dying from crossfire of bullets during a petty gang war. How could this happen? He was only seventeen in a mad man's dream and an innocent boy's nightmare. His life had just begun; all of a sudden it was taken away, fading like a cloud in the horizon. Only God could see what happened to him, but I can imagine the vicious blood-curdling scream of anguish, set out to break his soul. A sense of fear must have run through his nerves like the chill of an icy wind, it must have felt like a moment of obscurity, where all of his worst nightmares were realised in a blur, sending him into his grave. Thinking about the way you died, will drive me even closer to insanity and my eventual demise, it has left me reeling. Your nightmare has become my most horrible nightmare which will never leave me as it is engraved within my soul. I will never stop thinking about you and missing you, and thinking about the way you died, it was so unfair. This nightmare is breaking the bond between me and you, but I will not stand down, as I will remain a soldier until the war is won, and your spirit will live long in the memory. If only it wasn't a memory. You could still have been here reminding me of the hopes I had for you, with your face lit up by a smile like a pale wintry sunshine. But I'm left pondering, why did it not happen to me? I am in a state of darkness where negative thoughts of pain and sorrow are clouding my judgement; I'm being forced to sit in a room and dwell on my regrets. This state of darkness is all I know at the moment. All I hope is that he is in a better place; at Heaven's Gate which is made of the finest threads of gold, glistening into the shimmering silver which lines each and every cloud in this picturesque place. I envision the face of God himself as clear as I would in a mirror, taking care of my son in a manner in which I'll be proud of. God and death are similar; they both come forth to carry you home, so I thank you God for that. However, there is another face to God and death; it's a velvet cloak, impossible to resist thus disguising the revealing truth that being with gods in the clouds can bring such misery and sadness to the people below them that can break down any man. I ask you God, why did have to be him? I wish it was me now. I wish it was my soul resting up there. Hope is sometimes all we have and that is when people look to you God. But, you always give people false hope as the truth is, you have the grimmest face, like a carved mask and all you bring to people is misery and sorrow as sad as seeing your own son die. Coping is something I am unable to do. My state is one of insanity and it's been expressed in this entry. To end my son, your spirit will always live on in the memory and I will endeavour to not let your death phase me, and I will live my life in peace and harmony. I will never forget the times we had together, even though we drifted more and more apart, I still can never forget your face at that young age, so full of hope and promise. I love you.

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Essay Plan for Job Specialisation Essay Example for Free

Essay Plan for Job Specialisation Essay Job specialization is basically a job or process that is comprised of a small different parts of a larger task or process. (Williams McWilliams 2010) Purposes : To understand the phrase of â€Å"job specialisation† in detail, how job specialisation is use in job design as well as how specialized jobs can be adapted to get rid of the boredom and low job satisfaction by applying Job Characteristic model. Body paragraph First paragraph Job specialisation is economical and can always accomplish as well as regularly learn about technical development and opportunities through jobs. (An-Tien,H,Hui-Yu, C 2004,) From the modern high – tech industry, job specialisation has demonstrate that there is a clear – cut relationship with task variety, autonomy, identity and feedback. (An-Tien,H, Hui-Yu, C 2004,) Second paragraph Reason why job specialisation uses job design is because it helps to motivate, give satisfaction and performance towards its job as well as making its working condition of a workplace into a broader scope. (Fahr, R 2011) Third paragraph Specialised job can be modified with the help of five strong core job characteristics which in result which the workers have to experience the three critical psychological states, that will then motivates the personal and work outcomes. (DeVao, J, Li, R, Brookshire, D 2007) Conclusion Job specialisation is an important factor for a company if they want to eliminate boredom and low job satisfaction. However for it to be success, they would also need the help of job design and job characteristics model. (242 words) References An-Tien, H, Hui-Yu, C 2004, A reassessment of the relationship between job specialization, job rotation and job burnout: example of Taiwans high-technology industry, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 15, 6, pp. 1108-1123. DeVao, J, Li, R, Brookshire, D 2007, ‘Analysing the job characteristics model: new support from a cross-section of establishments’, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 18, 6, pp. 986-1003. Fahr, R 2011, ‘Job Design and Job Satisfaction – Empirical Evidence for Germany?’,Management Revue, 22, 1, pp. 28-48. Williams, C McWilliams, A 2010, MGMT, Asia Pacific Edition Cengage Learning, Melbourne.

Computers in Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Computers in Healthcare Essay In all aspects of life—home, work, socially—a basic understanding of computer operation is by and large a necessity. Even the medical field has become dependent on computers, both to record vital patient information, but also for billing, researching maladies, and prescribing medicines. This report takes a look at how and why health care professionals use computers, where computers are used in the health care system, and how all this new technology is affecting the medical field for both the patient and provider. Health Care Professionals use computers because they boost productivity. Health care staff, for instance, can more easily keep and access medical records. Specific computer programs also allow physicians to analyze patient data both statistically and mathematically, which leads to the creation of multimedia patient records. A multimedia file is an image, text file, a video clip or audio fileanything that can be displayed or played on computer monitors or speakers. An example, a cardiologist can use a computer to scan a patient’s EKG strip, and then attach that image to the patient’s permanent record for future reference (Spekowius and Wendler 38-39). The ability to store patient data on a computer hard drive reduces paperwork, and the number of staff members needed to maintain that paperwork. Having a patient’s file just a few computer clicks away also cuts down on the time it takes a physician to locate the necessary information. Beyond simplifying office paperwork, computers also open lines of communication between the patient and physician. Physicians who engage in emailing can easier answer patient questions, and cut down on phone calls. Computers are used throughout the Health Care System. Clerical staff relies on computers for reports, memos, patient records, billing, statistics, insurance claims, as well as charting and researching graphics. Nursing stations depend on computers for reports, patient records, along with hospital information systems. And computers are critical in the operation of patient monitors, medication delivery systems and lab equipment (Spekowius and Wendler 76). Also, in medical education, computers are essential for Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Managed Instruction, and Interactive Multi-media systems (Forman and Pomerantz). Beyond all of these uses, the computer has become increasingly necessary for diagnosis, research, publication retrieval (National Library of Medicine), and automated patient interview and history. Computers have become increasingly vital to Pharmacies. With the use of computers, pharmacists can fill prescriptions, control the dispensing, and talk with the patients through a video hookup. People living in remote areas also may use computers to order and receive their prescriptions without having to make a special trip into town or even leave their home. This is a particularly valuable tool for the elderly. Also, physicians now are able to type prescriptions into computers and email them to pharmacists, cutting down on errors because of sloppy doctor handwriting. Computers have become commonplace in Radiology. Radiologists use computers to prepare and store patient case histories, prepare conference talks, and to examine images. Computers are especially important when examining images; radiologists depend on digital radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and ultrasonic imaging (Trovato). Computers can also enable a radiologist to view an emergency case from home, reducing the response time when dealing with a crisis situation. In radiology it is imperative that the computer system be powerful enough to observe very fine images; faulty screen imaging could lead to a false analysis, and possibly compromise patient health (Leach). Computers are also used in surgery to produce a three-dimensional image of the organ that is being operated on. This technology is especially useful to young surgeons, small clinics and developing countries where such sophisticated imagery has previously been unavailable. In addition, this type of surgery is less invasive on the patient, so recovery time and cost are reduced. Genetics is another area of medicine in which the use of computers has been increasingly useful. Pharmacogenomics, for instance, helps determine what drugs are compatible with a patient’s gene type. Gene information obtained from a patient blood sample is entered into the computer, which then determines which drugs may not be compatible before dispensing. In the future doctors may be able to use a similar method to determine the most effective type of chemotherapy for a cancer patient. This could save a patient from having a series of unnecessary and ineffective treatments (Mandel). Computers also allow access to the Internet, which can be a very useful tool when trying to run an office. Connecting to the World Wide Web can help lower costs, improve patient/member service and assist in the delivery of better-coordinated care. The physician is able to compile and analyze data from a single or multiple number of sources, reveal health problems, and even gains a better understanding of a treatment’s financial performance. Also, the Internet is a great marketing tool for a physician’s medical practice. The Internet is awash with medical information, which is both useful for patients and possibly detrimental. Some patients who should see a doctor instead try and self-diagnose using information gleaned from computer research. So many medical sources exist on computers—much of it valid, good information—that a person might read the symptoms and believe they have a particular disease and try to treat themselves. Faulty treatment of a medical problem could lead to more serious medical problems down the road. Another pitfall to consider is how web sites allow a person to seek medical advice by querying a so-called physician online. The problem: That advice may be coming from an accredited medical personor someone pretending to be a physician. So now with all this talk about how computers can be very beneficial to the medical field, one may wonder if computers do a better job than humans. The answer: Yes, due to a computer’s flawless memory. Even though physicians have the desire to be efficient and thorough when it comes to their patients, they are human and they occasionally make mistakes. Computers accurately remember vast amounts of information, which is especially important these days given all the emerging medical information and technology in the world today (Spekowius and Wendler 439). In conclusion, it is obvious that the medical field has benefited greatly since the advent of computers. Without computers the world would not be as advanced as it is today. New discoveries might never have been made, unnecessary tests and treatments would have been performed, and lives would have been lost. Computers are propelling the medical world into a new dimension where literally anything is possible—including increased longevity, cures for cancer and paralysis reversal. It is indeed a win-win situation for physicians and patients. Works Cited Forman, Lloyd J. and Sherry C. Pomerantz. Computer-Assisted Instruction: A Survey on the Attitudes of Osteopathic Medical Students. JAOA Medical Education (2006): 572-575. Leach, Michelle. Computed Radiography Vs. Digital Radiography. n.d. ehow. February 2013 http://www.ehow.com/about_6836650_computed-radiography-vs_-digital-radiog

Project Managers Are They Born Or Made Management Essay

Project Managers Are They Born Or Made Management Essay Can a person be born to undertake a specific role in life or are they moulded by both training and their experiences in life. This paper examines whether Project Managers have the innate skills to be a success or if they like many other professionals require training to become proficient in their chosen career. This paper will also examine whether there are particular personality traits that are required in order to be a successful Project Manager. With this information, organisations would then be in a better position to ascertain whether particular individuals are either suited or not to the role of a Project Manager and thereby ensuring that their Project Managers can bring projects to a successful conclusion. Introduction Dittman et al.,2004 use the Apollo 13 incident to illustrate the skills of a Project Manager. Gene Krantz, was the flight director of the Apollo 13 mission to the moon. With systems failing, a lack of power and a dwindling supply of oxygen he led his team to discover solutions against almost impossible odds. Krantz exhibited the characteristics and personality traits of a superstar Project Manager by leading his team to achieve a common goal of ensuring the safe return of the aircraft and the lives of the astronauts and in this instance the team could easily have resigned themselves to their fate or made an error in judgement (Dittman et al.,2004). However the team and its project leader relied on both their training and their instincts to ensure the safe return of the aircraft. It can be seen from this instance that the team leader instilled the thought into all of his team members that failure was not an option. This is an extreme example of the skills required of a Project Manager , but it asks the question were Gene Krantzs actions the product of training and experience or were they innate in his personality. With the rapid advances currently being made in information technology there has now become an increased need for Project Managers within the IT industry. The scale and number of projects has increased thereby increasing the risk associated with these projects. With this in mind the choosing of project managers with the required skills to ensure the successful completion of projects has become critical and organisations have recognized that the choosing of the right individual to lead a project can have a significant bearing on the success of the organisation. As can be seen above in the Apollo 13 example the role of the project leader was crucial to the success of the project. This paper will look at the necessary skills required to be an effective manager and whether these skills are inherent or whether they can be taught (Dittman et al.,2004). 1.0 Leadership Styles Studies have shown that there are primarily six main schools of leadership theory (Dulewicz Higgs, 2003;Handy, 1982; Partington, 2003) and these are as follows: 1. The Trait school 2. The Behavioural or Style school 3. The Contingency school 4. The Visionary or Charismatic school 5. The Emotional Intelligence School 6. The Competency school. 1.1 The Trait School This approach was popular up to the 1940s with the main idea being that effective leaders share common traits. This school of thought assumes that leaders are born, not made. The supporters of this school in attempting to identify the traits of effective leaders have focused on the following three main areas: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Abilities: hard management skills such as Time Management, Forecasting and Procurement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Personality: such as self-confidence and emotional variables à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Physical appearance: Project Managers appearance and physical size Through his work at Henley Management College, Turner (1999) identified seven traits of effective project managers: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Problem-solving ability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Results orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Energy and initiative à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self-confidence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Perspective à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Negotiating ability. Turners identification of the above traits concentrate on the softer skills of Project Management with only the trait of Problem Solving being one that could possibly be taught and the others being skills of a nature more specific to an individual. 1.2 The Behavioural or Style School The behavioural or style school became popular from the 1940s to the 1960s. This school assumed that effective leaders would adopt certain styles or behaviours. This schools theory assumed, that effective leaders can be made and that the parameters include the following: 1. Concern for people or relationships 2. Concern for production 3. Use of authority 4. Involvement of the team in decision-making (formulating decisions) 5. Involvement of the team in decision-taking (choosing options) 6. Flexibility versus the application of rules. Parameter Blake and 1.3 The Contingency School The contingency school came into being during the 1960s and 1970s (Fiedler, 1967; House, 1971; Krech, et al., 1962; Robbins, 1997). Rather than seeking all encompassing theories of leadership that would apply in all situations, contingency theories suggested that what made an effective leader would depend on the situation that the leaders found themselves in. The supporters of this school had a tendency to follow similar patterns: 1. An assessment of the characteristics of the leader 2. An evaluation of the situation in terms of certain key contingency variables 3. The seeking of a match between the leader and the situation. One contingency theory that has proven popular is path-goal theory (House, 1971). The idea is the leader must help the team find the path to their goals and help them in that process. This theory identifies four distinct leadership behaviours: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Directive leaders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supportive leaders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participative leaders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Achievement-oriented leaders. These must then be matched to environmental and subordinate contingency factors: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmental factors: Task structure Formal authority system Work group. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Subordinate factors: Locus of control Experience Perceived ability. 1.4 The Visionary or Charismatic School During the 1980s and 1990s, the visionary or charismatic school arose from the study of successful business leaders who were leading their organizations through change. Bass (1990) identified two types of leadership, transactional and transformational: Transactional leadership: This form of leadership rewards followers for meeting performance targets and managing by exception by taking action when tasks have not been undertaken in accordance with what was predicted 1.4.2 Transformational leadership: A Project Manager who displays this form of leadership would be charismatic, visionary and would engender pride, respect and trust. They would also provide motivation by creating high expectations, providing intellectual stimulation and challenging their team members with fresh ideas and approaches. They would also give consideration to individuals by showing them respect and paying personal attention to them. From a project management perspective, Keegan and den Hartog (2004) believed that a project managers leadership style needed to be more transformational than transactional, but did not find any evidence to confirm this. What they were able to conclude was that although there is a significant correlation between the managers leadership style and employees commitment and motivation, there does not exist a similar correlation for project managers. 1.4 The Emotional Intelligence School The emotional intelligence school has flourished since the late 1990s, and espouses the view that the leaders emotional intelligence has a greater impact on his or her success and the performance of his or her team than does the leaders intellectual capability (Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002). They identified six leadership styles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Visionary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Democratic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Coaching à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pacesetting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Affiliative à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Commanding. Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee (2002) say that the first four of these styles will engender a sense of teamwork, and usually lead to better performance in appropriate circumstances. They also stated that the last two styles can encourage dissonance, so these last two styles need to be used with care. Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee, as well as other authors, have shown a clear correlation between the emotional intelligence and leadership style of managers and the performance of their organizations. 1.5 The Competency School The competency school of the 1990s has placed an emphasis on the competencies of effective leaders and seeks to identify them. This according to Turner et al. 2005 when taken at face value may appear to be a return to the trait approach. However, they also state that competencies can be learned, so leaders can be made, not just born. Further, different combinations of competencies can lead to different styles of leadership which can be appropriate in different circumstances thereby producing transactional leaders in situations of low complexity and transformational leaders in situations of high complexity (Turner et al., 2005). 2.0 Skills of a Project Manager A good project manager should have the knowledge and skills necessary to perform their job. A project manager can be defined as the person responsible for working with the project sponsor, the project team, and the other people involved in a project to meet project goals (Schwalbe, 2004). To become an IT project manager requires knowledge in the core skills such as time management, risk management, scope management, cost budgeting, and knowledge of IT systems (Dittman et al., 2004). They also stated that a project manager must have skills in addition to the basics of project management to succeed and that the skills required are the soft skills that have to do with getting things that you want done and adjudicating issues between people, managers, egos and agendas. Its basically how to get a job done without annoying people (Melymuka, 2000). These soft skills can include basic leadership and team building abilities that are needed for the team to complete the designated project and t he basic business skills that are necessary for a project manager to be successful in the IT world (Dittman et al., 2004). They also concluded that these could include the ability to communicate into measurable results, utilize financial skills to keep the project cost effective, and identify and predict trends in the project. The ability to communicate effectively is a pre-requisite in project management and it is essential for project managers to have the capacity to listen and understand the people on their project team as well as the customers of their project and by doing so, expectations and feedback can be easily passed on to the team and it will be easier to solve problems and complete tasks within the project (Dittman et al., 2004).. Dennis Johnson, an Assistant vice President at USAA stated that A project manager needs the ability to question without alienating to listen and watch peoples body language and really see whats happening (Melymuka, 2000) and this skill will enable a project manager to step away from a project and view issues from a different perspective. This subsequently enables a project manager to better communicate his ideas and plans with the team and also with his superiors within the organization. Relationship management is a skill that is important to have While managing projects a project manager should be capable of working with all levels within the organization and relationship management is an important skill to either inherently have or to learn. Relationship management can also include identifying the unique characteristics and abilities of each individual on the team and determine the most effective way to utilize them throughout the project (Dittman et al., 2004). A project manager will also need to know how to mobilize and coach the people on their team and establish trust within the project team. The project manager and the team must develop a level of trust and comfort with each other in single-minded pursuit of project goals (Kharbanda, 2003). This is based on the premise that project managers should be able to build and sustain relationships within their project team and throughout all levels of their organization. There are many skills a project manager may have that are argued to be ingrained in the human spirit, the largest of these being the ability to influence others (Dittman et al., 2004). Linda Pittinger, CEO of People3, states Its hard to find people who can influence others and create win-win situations (Melymuka, 2000). The project manager needs to have the ability to sell the value of the project to other people within the organization and must be able to persuade and influence team members to get their job done well and on time must also have the confidence, credibility, and commitment to overcome the obstacles when faced with the task of running an IT project (Dittman et al., 2004). Without the ability to influence people particularly those who may not be in full support of the project, a project manager will be more likely to fail. The ability to make decisions can be either learned or innate and it has been said that the best decision makers are the most experienced decision makers (Dittman et al., 2004).. As a manager and leader, every step you take required decision making skills. What makes it more challenging is the pressure to make the right decision is often very high (Canterucci, 2003). When faced with having to make the correct decision a Project Manager may often have to base this decision on past experience or pure instinct. Should a project manager be new to the field of project management they will not have accrued sufficient experience to make the correct decision but they will have the ability to judge based on their instinct if those instincts are of a project manager with those innate skills. As can be seen above many of the skills required to be an effective project manager are the softer skills of management and that to a large extent these skills can not generally be taught as they rely on the individuals personality. These softer skills however can be honed through time and experience so to some extent there is a degree of learning. 3.0 Personalities of a Project Manager In order to be an effective project manager a persons character and personality traits will play a key role. Dittman et al. 2004 asked the question Within an IT project management program, can people be really prepared for the trials and tribulations of dealing with people while managing a project? The use of personality tests, such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, can assess whether an individual will make a good project manager. By undertaking these assessments, an individual can analyze their personality and connect their personality type with a particular type of career. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment is incredibly popular for doing just this. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an assessment technique that gives the participant 4 individual letters that are designed to match their personality type. This classification is set out below: Extrovert v. Introvert, Sensing v. Intuitive, Thinking v. Feeling, and Judging v. Perceiving. The research database shows that leaders mostly fall into the ENTJ category (extrovert, intuitive, thinking, and judging). ENTJs are especially well-suited to be leaders and organization builders. They have the ability to clearly identify problems and innovative solutions for the short and long term well-being of an organization(BSM Consulting, 2000). A project manager would generally fall into the category of ESTJ. They are good at a lot of different things, because they put forth a tremendous amount of effort towards doing things the right way. They will be happiest in leadership positions, however, because they have a natural drive to be in charge. They are best suited for jobs which require creating order and structure (BSM Consulting, 2000). The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is another technique that can also be used to determine personal characteristics and aid people gain new understanding of their traits, motivations, and behaviours (AdvisorTeam, 2003). The temperament sorter is an assessment to analyze one specific aspect of ones personality: temperament. Temperament is a set of inclinations that each of us is born with, its a predisposition to certain attitudes and actions (AdvisorTeam, 2003). The four temperaments that people will fall into are artisans, guardians, idealists, and rationals. These groupings have the following characteristics: 1 Artisans value freedom and spontaneity. They want to be without constraint, at liberty to act on their impulses, play and create. Guardians value belonging to a group or community. They maintain stability through responsible, conservative, traditional behaviour. Idealists value personal growth, authenticity, and integrity. They yearn to develop themselves fully as individuals and to facilitate growth in others. Rationals value competence and intelligence. They strive to learn, know, predict, and control the resources in their environment. It has been shown through research that project managers and leaders will most likely fall into the category of either Rational or Guardian (Dittman et al., 2004). A Rational tends to be pragmatic and organized. Their organizational and coordinating skills tends to be highly developed, which means that they are likely to be good at systematizing, ordering priorities, generalizing, summarizing, and at demonstrating their ideas (Prometheus Nemesis, 1998). Guardians tend to be very specific in their communication and reliable when it comes to completing tasks. They also are very cooperative with implementing goals and good at supervision and protecting their subordinates. The Supervisor Guardian is the type of that most fits the personality of the project manager. Supervisor Guardians go by experience, not speculation and experimentation, and certainly not fantasy. They keep their feet firmly on the ground and make sure that those under their supervision do the same (Prometheus Nemesis, 1998). The personality assessments described above are good tools to examine an individuals personality type and compare it to that of the typical project manager career. Each assessment can be used separately or they can be used in conjunction to get the best results. Using these evaluations, it can be shown whether a person has the requisite skills to be a good project manager, and decisions can be made whether to put them in that role, whether they would need further training to be successful in the project manager role, or whether they would be best placed in a different career altogether. 4.0 Conclusion As can be seen an individuals personality can be measured or assessed using the techniques detailed above. These techniques enable organisations to eliminate individuals rather than select individuals as project managers. The methodology behind these techniques would indicate that project managers are born rather than made as the characteristics used to describe individuals are those of an innate nature rather than a derived or coached one. However on the other side of the equation the technical skills required by a Project Manager can be learned and need not necessarily be inherent in the individual. So it could also be concluded that a project manager can be made through learning alone. The leadership style theories above look at the science or art of project management depending on the school to which an individual ascribes to. If an individual is of the viewpoint that Project Managers are born with the innate capabilities to be a project manager then Project Managers have to be viewed as artists. However if the conclusion is that project managers can be taught and trained then they should possibly be viewed as scientists. These can be viewed as two conflicting views with those of a scientific inclination believing that project managers are made and those of a more artistic inclination believing that they are born. From the research undertaken above there is no definitive answer to this question. In the case of Project Management, where there are so many human variables there can be no comprehensive training course that will detail a case study for every given scenario. This would indicate that Project Managers can be and are made but that the best and most effective Project Managers are born.

Assess The Role Of Ulysses S. Grant In The Union Victory :: American History Civil War

Asses the role of Ulysses S. Grant in the victory of the union Ulysses S. Grant played a crucial role in the victory of the union in the American civil war. Ulysses S. Grant, later to become the 18th president of the United States, commanded union forces during the civil war as a general and general in chief. The greatest assets that Ulysses S. Grant brought to the union forces were his incredible strategic mind, his determination, his willingness to fight and his ability to win. Throughout the war grant steered the union to victory many major battles both before and after her was assigned general in chief of the union army. Grant produced the first two major union victories of the war in February of 1862 by capturing fort hennery on the Tennessee river and fort Donnellson on the Cumberland river, these victories gave a brief display of Grants calm determination to succeed and on only his terms, thus Grant became somewhat of a hero when Simon Buckner called for terms of surrender and yielded to Grants "no terms but unconditional and immediate surrender". This surrender of 14000 confederate men resulted in grants immediate promotion to major general of volunteers. In the April of 1962 Grant was violently surprised in an attack by confederate generals A. Johnston and P. Beauguard at the battle of Shiloh. In a battle that was to become the bloodiest up to that date in American history, with 23,000 casualties, Grant refused to retreat, he eventually managed to stabilize his line and with the help of reinforcements produced a counterattack and turned a severe loss into a victory. Grant received heavy criticism for his decisions at Shiloh but Lincoln defended him stating "I can't spare this man, he fights" One of Grants greatest military success of the war was the siege of Vicksburg, July-August 1863. Grant spent the winter of 62-63 attempting and failing multiple operations to gain access to the town, Grant crossed the Mississippi and headed for Jackson, he took a great risk and cut away from his supplies to sever the railroad to Vicksburg effectively cutting the confederate garrison off from reinforcements. Grant now defeated the confederate army at Champion Hill and then pursued the retreating army to the garrison at Vicksburg. The six week siege began. On the 4th of July 1863, being cut off and with no possibility of relief confederate general John Pemberton surrendered. This union victory in conjunction with the battle of Gettysburg the previous day is considered the turning point in the war.

Sense and Sensibility :: essays research papers

Sense and Sensibility   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Seventon Parsonage in Hampshire England. She was the seventh child of eight children. She was well educated by her father, who was a clergyman. When she was young she started writing novels for her family. It took her fifteen years to find a publisher, but when she did, her words became very widely known. To this day she is considered to be the first great woman novelist. Austen’s novels are mostly set in her own upper middle class English Country environment. They are based upon a young woman heroine who always ends up happily married. Austen shows how people struggle with issues of monetary value and the unhappiness it brings. She also shows how people struggle with their feelings and emotions for each other. In her novels, all the characters learn a lesson. The book Sense and Sensibility was published in 1811, and it is based on the observation of the people of her time. Because her novels always express the patterns of behavior of the people of her time, people find then informative as well as entertaining.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sense and Sensibility is about the Dashwoods, who are struggling to overcome the death of their father and husband. When he died, they were left virtually penniless, and because the law says that everything is passed down to the son of the decease the family is left with nothing and no place to live. The Dashwoods move in to a small cottage in Barton. But before they leave the oldest daughter falls in love with Edward Farris. Edward is part of England’s upper class, and his sister does not approve of his relationship with Elinor Farris, so she sends him away to London. Shortly after moving to Barton, another on of the Dashwood girls, Marianne, meets Mr. Willouby after she falls down while running in the rain. Willouby is quite handsome and soon he and Marianne become quite fond of each other. Willouby’s family does not like the idea of him marrying a poor girl, and they threaten to strip him of his wealth and inheritance if he marries her. At about t he same time, Elinor finds out that Edward has been secretly engaged to someone else for five years.

Music Represents the Soundtracks of Life Essay

Music is an unavoidable ingredient in everyone’s life. Whether its music we play by personal choice or music we hear in supermarkets or a retail store. Society will hear music. What comes along is what will affect the listener. Through time music has changed to meet the needs of society. In the past music was one of mans only form of entertainment, in many households the radio would play all day. Music changes as our lifestyle and environment changes, music was simple and very plain in the past but society could not live without it, the music was plain because their life was plain. As music developed, music started to split into different forms, now called genres. People created different genres to match their needs and feelings. Each genre reached out to a certain type of person’s personality and affects that person’s way of life. People listen to a specific type of genre to match their mood, for example: when a person is sad or grumpy they tend to listen to slow or depressing songs to match their mood, examples of these genres are blues and instrumental jazz. Different genres can also change your mood, at a club or party people play upbeat and fast paced music to get the people dancing and socialising. Rock or metal, a developing genre, is a very popular genre because of its distinct sound. Rock mainly consists of bands with a mixture of instruments and one or more vocalist. Music is not only heard on radios, cd’s or on the TV, music is constantly around us. One cannot imagine life without music because society is so used to hearing it. In movies music is used for effect and drama, a movie without music does not only sound dull and boring, it feels dull and boring. The music makes you shiver at the climax of a horror movie, the music makes you cry during a romantic scene. Driving on long journeys while listening to your favourite artist makes the trip feel a lot shorter and more enjoyable. Nature is one of the only places where you can hear natural music. Imagine walking through the forest without hearing the sweet sounds of birds chirping or the sounds the bushes and trees make when the wind passes by. Music makes life more relaxing and often is our source of inspiration. Music moves our body in many ways, but most of all it moves our souls and helps people to look deep inside themselves. Music will continue to grow and will never die. Music is the soundtrack of life.

Analysis of Ahab Moby Dick Essay

1. Dictator: Melville describes Ahab as a dictator. He, as the captain, is the most respectful figure in the Pequod. Some critics say that the novel is a metaphor from the world. Everyone depends of one person. It is a political point of view. The Pequod is seen as a small world. He is a â€Å"grand, ungodly, god-like† man. Ahab is ungodly in that he refuses to submit to any higher power. He does not worship or even acknowledge the superiority of forces beyond himself. Ahab is god-like in that he is larger than life. 2. Obsession: Ahab considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale monomaniacally because he believes it his inescapable fate to destroy this evil. He is obsessed with revenge. Moby Dick dominates the personality of Ahab. He gradually goes crazier and crazier, eventually blaming Moby Dick for everything bad that has ever happened to any human being ever since the beginning of time. Melville describes Ahab as a â€Å"monomaniac,† an interesting word because it suggests two things: first, that Ahab’s insanity focuses itself obsessively on a single thing (Moby Dick), and second, that he’s only insane when it comes to that one thing – he can be rational about just about everyone else. 3. Suffering: Ahab believes that his suffering stems from the White Whale known as Moby Dick. . He lost more than leg the first time he fought against Moby Dick: he lost his pride, his free will, and his very being. His sole purpose after this encounter was to kill Moby-Dick, all else was cast aside. His wife, home, friends, and family do not even cross his mind. Ahab basically spends his life alone in the sea. He feels in home when he is in the ocean. He is always looking for Moby Dick, looking along. He has not friends; he is a romantic hero. Ahab is not a happy human being, he is like heroes of Shakespearean tragedy. He is suffering for the pain he has inside from the beginning to the end of the novel. Close to the end of the novel Melville makes a reflection about Ahab’s life, trying to humanize him. He is lamenting everything on his life.

Concept of Love Essay

Love is a complex emotion of attachment and sometimes obsession. It cannot be classified so easily, though; it cannot be stuffed into a social concept and left there. Some people search for what seems their whole lifetime for love, whereas others may seem to fall in and out of love on a regular basis. Of course, people can love many things, but the love between two people is unique and special. It is a feeling of trust and wholeness. Love is rarely defined because everyone experiences it differently. What one person thinks is love, another may think is craze or vice versa. How does one know he or she is in love? How is it possible to distinguish between the love of romance and the love shared between friends? In order to understand love, people need to first understand the two major types of love which can be described as romantic love and friendship love. People often define romantic love based on its difference from friendship love. Would you kiss your best friend? Perhaps, but it is not necessarily the things you do with your romantic partner that makes your love spark. Romantic lovers are usually on each other’s minds all the time. Couples make large life decisions based on their romantic partners because they cannot imagine life without those people. Romantic love guides a person’s mind and can sometimes cloud it as to what the right decisions might be. After all, romantic love can be extremely selfless. Friendship love can often turn into romantic love, as it has many times throughout history, but the birth of romantic love between friends will often kill the love of friendship. In other words, friends who become romantic lovers rarely can go back to being â€Å"just friends. Why is it that romantic love is so overpowering? The love of friendship can be very strong, but it is the emotional intensity of romantic love that forever changes the simplicity of the love between friends. Friendship love does not have all the same guidelines that romantic love seems to have. Each friend couple may have a unique kind of love between each other. Friendship love is best described as a warm feeling between people. Girlfriends may have different friendship love for each other than a male and female friend pair may have; the same for male friends. Male and Female friends may sometimes undergo a lot of pressure from other friends and family to turn their friendship love into romantic love, which doesn’t always work. There is a line that friends may cross over, and to know that line is to know the difference between romantic and friendship love. Friends have complete trust for someone and naturally want to be around him/her. People who love each other want to make each other happy; they want to be there as confidants, helpers, and company. Friendship love is often compared to the love between siblings as well. In many cases, a sibling is just as good a friend as any. Society will not accept romantic love between relatives, but friendship love is encouraged and an amazing aspect to have. Everybody experiences love in a different way and may not agree with the concepts that it is dealt with. In the end, it does not matter whether or not the kind of love someone feels fits into any category. Love is personal, and the important thing is, is that it makes people happy and feels cared for. Whether people have romantic or friendship love, love is meant to mean that it is an emotion of a strong affection and personal attachment, and a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection.

Agrarian Reform: a Struggle for Social Justice

The paper entitled â€Å"Agrarian Reform: A Struggle for Social Justice† aims to give the current status of agrarian reform in the Philippines. It also aims to provide the struggle of Filipinos for social justice in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). This paper aims to explain why land reform is slow here in our country. This will also try to shed light on what agrarian reform is and will give the clear and precise Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law. Furthermore, this paper will also tackle the issues involving the fairness of social justice in the agrarian reform. A part of this paper is also given for the land conversions and other ways to circumvent CARP.OutlineI. Introduction & Objectives A. Specific objectives II. Background Information A. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in the Philippines 1. History 2. Definition 3. Purpose B. Social Justice in the Philippines 1. History 2. Definition 3. Purpose III. Analysis & Discussion A. Issues on the agrarian reform implementation in the Philippines B. Reasons for the slow implementation of agrarian reform C. Land Conversions and other ways to circumvent CARP IV.Conclusion V. References Cornista, L. B. (1987). The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: An Analysis of its Policies and Processes. Laguna: University of the Philippines.Lopez, A. P. (2003). Batas: The Uncompleted Historic Mandate, Quezon City: DAR.Sebucao, J. T. (1995). The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as critically viewed by the DAR officials and beneficiaries: its economic and educational contribution.Annotated Bibliography1. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program : an analysis of its policies and processesThis book provides information about the policies and processes of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.2. Batas: The Uncompleted Historic MandateThis book is about Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the Philippines and provides information on the history of land ref orms in our country. This also provides information on the government policies regarding land reform in our country.3. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as critically viewed by the DAR officials and beneficiariesThis book provides the analysis of DAR officials and beneficiaries on what the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) is.

Dangers of Online Predators

The Dangers of Online Predators and What Can be done to Protect Our Youth Marcos Williams CM 107: College Composition 1 Unit 9: Final Abstract This paper is to educate parents and children about the dangers of online predators. Predators are going to great links to prey on children and they are going to great links to hide their identity. Predators are hiding in cyberspace and they are lying in wait for children to go online so they can make their move on unsuspecting children. Law enforcement agencies and parents have to do whatever it takes to protect children and they should make sure that the necessary steps are taken.Law enforcement agencies are using the media and they are hiding online to help capture these offenders. Parents should make sure that their home computers have the proper software, know who kids are friends with online, gain access to all emails kids use, make sure computers are visible at all times, and never turn a blind eye and think that this will never happen to their children. Kid’s safety is always a priority and they should be guarded at all times. I have chosen a degree in Criminal Justice with an emphasis in Cyber-crimes to protect kids against online predators.Educating parents and children about the dangers of online predators and discussing how law enforcement agencies and parents can protect our children is the first step. This paper will discuss what kids don’t know about online predators, how these online predators are hiding their identities from law enforcement, how law enforcement is cracking down on online predators, and most importantly, how parents can protect their kids against online predators. Kids do not realize that predators look for kids with a lack of self-esteem, kids that are vulnerable, and kids that are having problems at home.These offenders meet children in public chat rooms geared towards teens and teens engaging in sexual subjects (Wolak, 2004). They will soon lure kids into private chat roo ms or instant messaging. Some offenders lie about age and or sex to gain trust of children. Once trust is built, the predator introduces the child to pornography. This lowers the child’s inhibitions and desensitizes the child to nudity, and validates adult-child sexual relations (Berson, 2003). After all these things occurs, a face to face meet between the child and predator often follows, and the child is usually sexually abused or worse (killed).Some offenders create child-like avatars, go online and pose as teenagers. Predators use free Wi-Fi at public access points or connect to unsecure wireless routers installed in private residents rather than using their own personal accounts. They hide IP addresses by using proxy servers. Predators use â€Å"throw- away,† free e-mail accounts such as hush mails (private emails that children set up and hide from their parents) and counter surveillance methods. Offenders use pre-paid credit cards to hide any online transactions. They also steal IP addresses of business to avoid detection.These measures that offenders are taking, is making it hard for law enforcement to track them down (NSCEPI, 2010). Law enforcement officers are posing as minors online and assuming different gender to catch online predators (Mitchell, 2005). There is also the media, like the television show â€Å"To Catch a Predator,† to catch and arrest some of these predators. Cyber Tip-lines have been formed so that if parents see anything that is inappropriate they can report it to law enforcement. The FBI, Homeland Security, and other agencies have put together different types of operations to protect kids from online predators (NSCEPI, 2010).Law enforcement officers are collecting and preserving all evidence of grooming, such as pornography, Web cameras, and other electronic equipment to bring down these predators (Brown, 2001). Law enforcement agencies across the nation are taking the necessary steps so that evidence can be g iven to the prosecutor and use at trial to show the perpetrator’s motivation (Brown, 2001). Parents should talk to their kids about the dangers of online predators. They should become computer literate and learn the lingo that children use online, PLS (parents looking over my shoulder), FTF (lets meet face to face), and other abbreviations.Parents should put parental software on computer to monitor sites and keep kids off unsafe sites (Dombrowski, 2007). Home computers should be kept in a family room or kitchen so that parents can monitor and see exactly what sites the children are on. Parents should also discourage their kids from going into chat rooms, especially, private chat rooms with strangers. They should always make sure they know who all of their children’s friends are on the internet (Dombrowski, 2007). When a parent notices inappropriate material on their computer they should notify law enforcement immediately.Parents should use all these measures plus becom e familiar with the internet and the language their kids use on the computer to protect them from online predators. I have chosen to get my Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice with an emphasis in Cyber-crimes to protect kids from online predators. In the Cyber-crime field I will be able to protect kids from online predators and educate parents and kids of the online dangers that lurk in cyberspace. Online predators are trying to manipulate and prey on children that are going through something in their home life.Predators are getting smarter and wiser when it comes to lurking and preying on children through the internet. They are taking many precautionary measures to protect their identity from our kids and law enforcement. The FBI, Homeland Security, and other agencies have put together task forces to stop online predators. Law enforcement have partnered with the television show â€Å"To Catch a Predator† to stop online predators. Most of the predators that are arres ted on this show are men between the ages of 20 to 55 years of age. Law enforcement and prosecutors are doing everything they can to put these criminals behind bars.Parents should take the necessary steps to protect their children from these types of predators. Parents need not turn a blind eye and think that their child will not become prey to predators while online. They need to get computer literate and learn the lingo that their children are using while they are on the internet. Parents need to educate their kids about online dangers and keep their computers in areas where traffic is heavy flowing. They also need to get the proper software on their computers to cut down the risk of predators getting to their children.In summary, parents and law enforcement officials need to work together to educate themselves and kids about the dangers of online predators because online predators are doing whatever it takes to manipulate and prey on children. They are also doing whatever it take s to protect them from being identified and prosecuted. References Berson, I. (2003). Grooming Cyber victims: â€Å"The Psychological Effects of Online Exploitation for Youth† Journal of School Violence 2, no. 1(2003): 9-18 retrieved from: http://www. cs. auckland. ac. nzl~john/NetSafe/IBerson. df Brown, Duncan. â€Å"Developing Strategies for Collecting and Presenting Grooming Evidence in a High Tech World† Update (National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse), 2001, 1. http://www. ndaa. org/publications/newsletters/update_volume_14_number11_2001html Dombrowski, S. C. , Gischlar, K. L. , and Durst, T. â€Å"Safeguarding Young People from Cyber Pornography and Cyber Sexual Predation: A Major Dilemma of the Internet† Child Abuse Review 16, no. 3 (2007): 153-70 https://www. ncjrs. gov/App/Publications/abstract. aspx? ID=240947 Mitchell, K. J. , Wolak, J. , and Finkelhor, D. Police Posing as Juveniles Online to Catch Sex Offenders: Is It Working? † Sexual A buse: A Journal Research and Treatment 17, no. 3 (July 2005): 241-67 retrieved from: http://www. unh. edu/ccrc/pdf/CV82. pdf. National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction: A Report to Congress August 2010 http://www. justice. gov/psc/docs/natstrategyreport. pdf Wolak, J. , Finkelhor, D. , and Mitchell, K. J. â€Å"Internet-Initiate Sex Crimes against Minors: Implications for Prevention Based on Findings from a National Study. † Journal of Adolescent Health 35, no. 5 (2004):11-20

Interdiction about Hinduism and Influence in Healthcare Essay

Interdiction about Hinduism and Influence in Healthcare - Essay Example Karma is discussed by Hindu scriptures as a law of cause and effects, thereby facilitating the creation of destiny through their thoughts, dealings, and expressions. There is a conviction that illness and other health related issues emanating from karma. Therefore, it offers a chance for purification of karma and spiritual evolution that is established through illness and difficulties in life. Moreover, karma is considered a universal law that subjects people to either bad or good. Furthermore, it is described through experiences undergone by people in order to balance their soul. For instance, in a situation when a person loses his leg through an accident, there is a notion that this occurred due the fact that he made someone lose a leg. Hinduism upholds great respect to medical professionals, though numerous Hindus are distressful of drugs. In fact, in a situation where drugs are prescribed to a patient, Hinduism requires the physician to offer a reliable explanation of the effects of the drugs. Western medicines are acceptable to the Hindus, but numerous people have a high preference to seek treatment from their temples (Verma, Inamdar & Kumar, 2009). Hinduism promote to seeking health care services from the temple due to inexpensively and the good treatment and environment. Moreover, Hinduism has been influencing people to avoid seeking services from government hospitals. In addition, Hindus have a high preference of natural and homeopathic medicine over the drugs and surgery offered in numerous hospitals. 6. Are there thing that your religion help you to engage to healthcare? There is like food habit, exercise, timely exercise, diet and yoga. In fact, most of the Hindus are vegetarians, while others have found a necessity of eating eggs and fish occasionally in the contemporary urban Western life. Nevertheless, Hindus are fond of serving rise and tea at their every meal, while numerous Indian have adopted Western style

Training Professionals Have a Leading Role in Innovation and Change Research Paper

Training Professionals Have a Leading Role in Innovation and Change - Research Paper Example Due to the fast and continuous changes in the society specifically the economy and technology. The research is focused on one of the main factors that can affect change in the organizational structures, training and training professionals. In recent years, the role of training professionals in implementing innovation and change had been given attention. The main objective of the paper is to present the specific role of training professionals as the leader in achieving change and development in an organization. In addition, the methods of delivering changes and the exploration of the hindrances such as the perspectives of the different levels of leadership in the organizational structure are also included. The main role of the training professionals is to prepare the workforce for specific tasks within an organization specifically in the rapidly changing economic and technological environment. By doing so, they assist in cost-effective achievement of the company’s goals in a cost-effective and efficient manner toward innovation and change (Miller, 2010, p.1). But there is a recognized serious requirement for training in the present state of the workforce because companies cannot cope up. Based on studies, there is an urgent need for new people strategies that can improve business performance due to the observed low level of workforce skills (Pace, 2011, p. 19). Training professionals can be considered as the overseeing eye of the organisations in terms of the performance.

Transportation & Distribution Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Transportation & Distribution Management - Essay Example Transportation plays an important role in manipulating logistic. The vision of FedEx supply chain services is to become the world leader in global integrated logistics management, supply chain solutions and time-definite delivery (FedEx, 2014a). In the international market, FedEx faces competition from DHL, UPS, foreign postal authorities like Deutsche post and TNT N.V, freight forwarders, passenger airlines and all-cargo airlines. There are three important aspects of transportation management: Carrier selection, documentation and shipper carrier relationship. Carrier selection process includes the activities of identifying and procuring the best modes, the best carrier for each mode and best rates (Younkin, 2006). Companies tend to have a carrier mix like combination of aircrafts and road vehicles to order to have smooth operations, speed delivery at a low cost. Fed EX has a great air-and-ground network which facilitates the quick delivery of time sensitive shipments that deliver the shipment in one to two days with guaranteed delivery time. Its transports approximately 4 million packages and 11 million pounds of freight daily. For smooth functioning and fast delivery across the globe FedEx has mix of air and delivery fleet which consists of 650 aircrafts and 48000 motorized vehicles. FedEx has collaborated with more than 375 airports worldwide for the landing of its aircrafts without any difficulty. In October 2013, FedEx added first new Boeing 767-300 freighter in its air fleet. This is a major step in company’s strategic aircraft fleet modernization program as it is a more efficient and lower emission aircraft. 767 replaced MD 10 aircraft and is 30 percent more fuel efficient and incur 20 percent less unit operating cost (FedEx, 2014a). FedEx also provided a customized carrier to transport the skeleton of Wankel T-Rex dinosaur. In that customized lorry temperature was kept at 22C and each crate of bone was surrounded by

The Challenges of Call Centre Restructuring Essay

The Challenges of Call Centre Restructuring - Essay Example Tengo Ltd., an online supplier of notebook computers, established a customer contact centre to deal with customer complaints and inquiries about the company’s products. Recently, the company decided to restructure because the HR director discovered that there is an overstaffing problem at the call centre. This decision has resulted in job losses. This essay analyses the wisdom of the restructuring of the call centre, taking into account the external factor of the labour market and job competition, as well as the components of change management, performance management, effective leadership, and employee motivation. Restructuring the Call Centre Companies are restructuring and job designs are being streamlined. The labour force and production processes have been restructured to cut down expenses, helping companies successfully reduce expenses in reaction to growing competition. The external labour market of call centres is in fact large, composed of a large pool of white-collar workers. The external labour market of call centres is global, national, and local (Butler, 2004, p. 168). Hence, restructuring of the call centre harms many employees. It is essential to be knowledgeable of the external labour market because of the differences in employee characteristics. Different work groups express different beliefs on career growth and motivation. For instance, white-collar employees have a tendency to expand their career outside the limits of a particular company (Liao, Martocchio, & Joshi, 2010, p. 94). This is what happened to Tengo Ltd. It suffered a high rate of turnover because its professionals in the customer department were not satisfied with their jobs anymore. The turnover is primarily caused by the restructuring. Corporate decisions to restructure or initiate change in its internal labour markets are strongly influenced by external labour markets. The external labour markets decide what arrangements of retention, expertise, and wage rate are appropr iate for an organisation (Sharma, 2006, p. 59). Companies, like Tengo Ltd., choose to restructure because they confronted new circumstances or external pressures. The HR director who found out the problem in retaining call centre workers with a profitable nearby call centre was certainly dealing with the new situations of the external labour market. Therefore, organisational processes are mainly determined by the relationship between managerial approach and external labour markets. External labour markets significantly restrict the capacity of strategy. As stated by a manager, â€Å"If you’re not going to be the highest-paying wage base in the area, you will have high turnover† (Kumar, 2010, p. 292). For example, Tengo Ltd, after restructuring, gives the best reward package to Level 3 employees. Hence, it experienced increase in labour turnover among Level 1 and Level 2 employees who handle customer complaints. In terms of job competition, call centres have replaced hu man labour with automated processes. Technology carries with it the possibility of new and easier ways of doing things, while carrying as well the ability to eliminate human labour and separate the worker from his/her fruits of labour. Tengo Ltd., through rationalisation, invested more in new automated computer system to improve response time and quality of customer service. However, along with this investment is an increase in labour turnover because the company tried to reduce its expenses in the training and development of new employees. However, the poor outcomes of the restructuring attempt of Tengo Ltd. cannot be entirely attributed to the external labour markets and job competition. Other factors are involved such as the psychological and sociological responses of employees to

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security within Businesses Essay

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security within Businesses - Essay Example From my earliest involvement in loss prevention and security it held a special interest for me. In part this was due to how closely it aligned with the values that I had grown up with, and in part I was fascinated by the level of detail and observation that was required. Theft is an important issue in any industry or setting, such as within hospitals, bars, schools, retail or manufacturing. As a consequence of this the field of loss prevention has developed and has become important in almost every setting. Since beginning my job at Best Buy I have learned a lot about the role that loss prevention plays in retail, as well as methods of being effective in my role. I am currently the manager of the Security and Loss Prevention department at Best Buy. This role has provided me with many opportunities and challenges and it has allowed me to understand the challenges that are associated with security as well as its importance. I have also had the opportunity to do a summer internship at a County Prosecutors Office and to work part time for them following the internship. This gave me the chance to see the police in action and to understand some of the process that occurs. This essay will examine some of the concepts that I have learned in my role Loss is an important aspect of any business. The term refers to the loss of profits due to a wide range of situations such as credit fraud, shoplifting, internal theft, or package theft where some or all of the contents of a package are stolen but not the package itself. Package theft can refer to stealing the contents of the package within the store, or more organized, broader applications such as stealing small packages from shipping containers. Because of this, within any retail store security is extremely important as a method to minimize loss through this means. Different businesses use different methods and strategies of approaching this, and there is no single, universal method of maintaining security. This is because security can be broken in a number of ways, most notably through credit fraud, corporate corruption, and through theft. Theft can occur in a number of different ways and can be the consequence of actions of either staff or customers. As such it is important to have adequate measures of security in place and to ensure that these remain working at their full functionality. Two important parts of loss prevention are avoiding loss that occurs from customers through theft and decietful behavior as well as internal loss from staff and those that have access to business information. Both forms of loss are important, and as a consequence security is important for the functioning of any business. This essay will examine the use of physical security, security actions plans and internal investigations as means of detecting and regulating theft and fraud. Specific examples of types of theft will be examined, as well as a case example of how security is managed in a large business firm. Losses i n retail contribute to significant decreases in the profit a store is able to make. Theft plays a significant role in this, with $107.3 billion lost globally in 2010 as a result of theft . The National Retail Security Survey in 2009 reported that an average of 1.44% of all sales nationwide are lost as a consequence of shrinkage . The term shrinkage refers to the amount of products that are lost between the point of purchase or manufacture, and the point of sale. This loss occurs in a number of ways such as through damaged products and misplaced items. Store managers and those in authority look at many ways of reducing shrinkage of all forms. In 2008, around 35% of this shrinkage was attributed to shoplifting, while 44% was attributed to theft by employees .

Traditional and Nontraditional Family Structure Assignment

Traditional and Nontraditional Family Structure - Assignment Example Thus nontraditional family forms include single parenthood, singlehood, cohabitation, Gay-Lesbian-Bisexual- and- Transgender (GLBT) relationships and even polygamy (Grant, 2012). Inasmuch as single parenthood do existed even prior to the 20th century due deaths of spouses, by then, single parenthood was surrounded by a certain level of stigma (Grant, 2012). This is contrary to what is happening now; where single parenthood is considered more acceptable. Additionally, unlike in traditional family set up where single parenthood mainly resulted from death of a spouse, today divorce and woman’s decision to have a child alone are key drivers. For instance, Artificial Insemination has become an option to have a child while single. Cohabitation is also a form nontraditional family (Bornstein, 1991). This is where a housed is shared by unmarried couple. It is normally taken to be an alternative form of marriage which has continued to gain popularity in the U.S. Some couple cohabitate with a claim that they are testing their compatibility in marriage. Besides, families created and the relationship formed by GLBT, may also be considered as a structure in the nontraditional family set up. Unlike traditional structure where a family is mainly husband, wife and children, nontraditional structure presents more complicated structure including even people of the same gender. Nontraditional families’ influence on spots participation depends on the nature of the family and the nature of the stakeholders (Bornstein, 1991); influence may either be negative or positive based on that nature. For example, in a single-parenthood family, a child or children may be actively involved in sports or otherwise; the determining factor being the nature of the parent (Bornstein, 1991). If the parent supports child’s involvement in sports or even himself/herself participates, the participation will be raised, and vice versa